Ancient Submerged Forests Found to Rival Coral Reefs in Biodiversity Off Mozambique Coast
Researchers from the Bazaruto Center for Scientific Studies (BCSS) Ocean Observatory have documented submerged "peat reefs" in the shallow waters of Mozambique's Bazaruto Archipelago, finding that ancient coastal forests - now lying beneath the sea - support marine biodiversity comparable to coral reefs. Published on 12 October in Scientific Reports, the study is believed to be the first ecological research into tropical peat reefs from a biodiversity perspective, with radiocarbon dating placing peat formation between roughly 300 and 5,000 years ago. The reefs, sitting just 2 - 4 metres deep, host no living coral yet shelter dozens of fish species, spiny lobsters, oysters and juvenile reef fish, alongside larger species including sharks, rays and turtles.
The findings carry significant implications for coastal conservation and blue economy policy. Some peat samples contain up to 40% organic carbon by dry weight, raising questions about their potential role as legacy carbon stores - though researchers note that the peat reefs' present-day carbon cycling function remains unresolved and requires further dedicated study. The authors are calling for peat reefs to be included in coastal habitat maps and conservation plans, noting that similar formations may exist undiscovered across Southeast Asia, the Caribbean and West Africa. As coral reef health declines globally, these habitats could serve as critical backup refuges for reef-associated species.
